Ask HN: How do swarms of AI agents work?

Andrej Karpathy posted about the growing gap in how people experience AI: ~75% have barely used LLMs ~20% use them casually ~0.2% use frontier models professionally for math and code ~0.00006% have access to frontier systems internally He writes: "And finally we get to the ~5,000 people (~0.00006%) with access to frontier-grade systems internally. The external world has seen the preview. It looks like swarms of thousands of agents collaborating over weeks on software mega projects: minting zero days, running cyber attacks and defenses at machine speeds, discovering new science, advancing the frontier of mathematics." Source: https://x.com/karpathy/status/2109361546505966046 Does anyone have an intuition, or even firsthand experience, of how these swarms of thousands of agents actually work